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Suboptimal Architecture Selection in AWS Lambda
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Suboptimal Architecture Selection in AWS Lambda
Andrew Shieh
Service Category
Compute
Cloud Provider
AWS
Service Name
AWS Lambda
Inefficiency Type
Suboptimal Configuration
Explanation

Lambda functions default to the x86\_64 architecture, which is more expensive than Arm64. For many workloads, especially those written in interpreted languages (e.g., Python, Node.js) or compiled to architecture-neutral bytecode (e.g., Java), there is no dependency on x86-specific binaries. In such cases, moving to Arm64 can reduce compute costs by 20% without impacting functionality. Despite this, many teams continue to run Lambda functions on x86\_64 due to legacy configurations, inertia, or lack of awareness. This leads to avoidable spending, particularly at scale or in high-volume environments.

Relevant Billing Model

Lambda is billed based on: * Number of requests * Duration of execution (in milliseconds) * Memory allocated * CPU architecture (Arm64 functions cost **up to 20% less** than x86\_64)

Detection
  • Architecture is set to **x86\_64**
  • Function code does not rely on architecture-specific binaries or compiled dependencies
  • Runtime is compatible with Arm64 (e.g., Python, Node.js, Java)
  • High aggregate usage of “GB-seconds” across x86 functions contributes significantly to Lambda costs
  • No benchmarking or cost comparison has been performed between x86 and Arm
Remediation
  • Benchmark representative functions on both architectures to validate performance and compatibility
  • For functions using architecture-neutral runtimes or dependencies, migrate to **Arm64** via configuration update
  • Ensure CI/CD pipelines and IaC templates default to **Arm64** for new functions
  • Educate development teams on architecture implications and expected savings
  • Use tagging or cost attribution to track savings post-migration
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